中国下一个30年改革的理论探讨——“人本体制论”角度的思考

A Theoretical Thinking of the Next 30-year Reform in China——From the Perspective of Human-Oriented System

中国改革下一个30年,应该是类似奥运"五环"的改革,包括经济、政治、社会、文化和生态环境制度改革。这种"五环式"的改革,环环相扣,融为一体。就其改革的广度和深度来说,无论是与前一个30年相比,还是与1919年以来中国现代史的前三个30年相比,都将是一场更深刻、更伟大的变革。第一,改革的实质在于人的解放和自由的全面发展。应从横向、纵向和内核三个层面准确把握"人"的含义;抛弃"人本工具论",树立"人本实质论";由"不完全的、基础性人本"向"全面的、高端性人本"渐进式提升。第二,把握"双线均衡":即寻求经济市场化与社会公正之间的最佳均衡点。主要包括推进初次分配和再分配领域的改革,缓解社会财富"三个倾斜"(向政府、垄断企业和非劳动者倾斜)问题;资源环境产权制度,解决资源类产品价格和税收不合理产生的分配不公问题;政府、市场和社会三方联手,运用"公私合作伙伴关系(PPP)"机制,缓解公共产品和公共服务供给不足的问题。第三,促进"三个解放互动":解放生产力、解放生产关系以及促进人自身的解放和发展,并使三者互动。第四,在"上"、"下"、"内"、"外"四个方面推进经济领域体制创新。"上"创政府经济管理新体制;"下"创微观基础和市场体系的新格局;"内"创民生性和可持续发展体制;"外"创适应和应对全球化体制。第五,推进经济、政治、社会、文化和生态环境制度的"五环"改革。要准确把握"五环改革"每个环的"中心";抓住"五环改革"之间的"交扣"性,使之一体化;增强"五环改革"的动力,注意防止"权贵"和"民粹"两种现象,特别是"权贵"问题。

The next 30-year reform in China can be compared with the formation of the Olympic ＂ five-rings＂, which, including economic structure reform, political structure reform, social structure reform, cultural structure reform and eco-environmental structure reform, are interlocked in such a way that all parts work together effectively. As far as the scope and depth of are concerned, it will be a deeper, greater change than ever before, whether in the past 30 years or in the three ＂30-year＂ s in the Chinese history since 1919. The following points should be comprehended clearly： first, since the essence of the reform is determined by people＇s liberation and free development, an accurate understanding should be made of the connotation of the ＂human＂ from the three levels of length, width and inner core, replacing the ＂human as device＂ with the ＂human as substance＂ so as to reach gradually to the ＂over-all, high- level human-oriented＂; secondly, a ＂ bilinear balance＂ should be maintained, that is, seeking for the best equilibrium between market-oriented economics and social justice. And it is necessary to promote the reform of primary-distribution and redistribution, to reduce three wealth inclinations （ government, monopoly enterprise and non-manual workers） , to establish the property system of resources and environ- ment in order to solve unfair distributions derived from reasonless resource price and tax revenue, and to apply PPP mechanism, by combining three parties of government, market and society, to the remission of the insufficient public products and service ; thirdly, promote the emancipation of productive forces, pro- duction relations and humans themselves, and realize their interaction; fourthly, encourage the innova- tion of economic system from the four aspects of the ＂upper＂ （ governmental economic management）, the ＂lower＂ （micro basis and market system） , the ＂inner＂ （people~ livelihood and sustained development） and the ＂outside＂ （adapting to globalization） ; finally, push forward the systematic reform of the ＂five- rings＂ of economy, politics, society, culture and eco-environment, and make their integration, preven- ting the ＂dignitary＂ and the ＂populism＂, especially the former.