甘肃省会宁县高一学生皮褶厚度与体成分分析

A Study on Skinfold Thickness Measurement and Body Composition Analysis of Students in the Huining Senior Middle School

本文抽样测量会宁地区高一学生身高、体重、肱三头肌皮褶厚度,肩胛下皮褶厚度,腹部皮褶厚度,分析BMI值,估测身体密度,计算体成分,目的是分析会宁高一学生皮褶厚度和体成分发育规律和特点。结果发现,调查对象主要存在问题是体重过低,仅有2.96%男生和8.33%的女生处于超重状态。男女生身高、体重和身体质量指数随年龄增加而增加,整体状况好于甘肃省状况而低于全国状况。调查对象三个部位皮褶厚度值男生以16岁组,女生以15岁组为最低;男生三个部位皮褶厚度16岁组以前均呈递减趋势,16岁以后呈上升趋势。男女生随年龄增加16岁以前体脂含量呈下降趋势,16岁以后逐渐成上升趋势。男生肱三头肌和肩胛下联合部位体脂含量高于肱三头肌而低于肩胛下角部位体脂含量。男生去脂体重随年龄的增加而增加,女生去脂体重随年龄增加变化趋势不明显,但由联合部位皮褶厚度计算出来的去脂体重均最高。调查对象皮褶厚度百分位数男生P3,P5,P10高于全国正常值,其余低于全国正常值;女生14岁高于全国正常值,其余均低于全国正常值,这说明会宁高一学生目前的体脂含量不高。结论认为,调查结果符合青春期男孩和女孩的生长发育特征,主要存在问题是体重过低。会宁高一学生男生主要以去脂体重增长为主,女生主要以体脂增长为主。建议加强宣传教育,加强体育锻炼,养成良好的饮食和生活习惯,增加膳食热量和优良蛋白质摄取。

Objective To analyze and estimate the regularity and characteristic of skinfold and body fat of students in grade one at the Huining Senior Middle School. Method To select students through random cluster sampling and measuring their height, weight, subscapular skinfold （SSF）, triceps muscle of arm skinfold （TSF）, and navle skinfold （NSF）, and then calculating BMI value, body density and body fat. Results The main problem in this sample was being underweight; 21.07% males and 17.86% females had BMI values lower than 18.50 kg/m^2. Weight, height and BMI of the subjects were increasing with increased age. The results of the Huining student sample were higher than that found in a Gansu Province study, but lower than the whole nation in the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese school students conducted in 2005. The lowest values of SSF, TSF and NSF occurred in the 16-year-old group of males and the 15-year-old group of females. These three skinfold measurements of males had a tendency to drop before the 16-year-old group and to rise after 16-year-old group. With increasing age, the body fat of all subjects increased before the 16-year-old time/period and decreased after 16-year-old time/period. The combined body fat （BF_ Combined） of males calculated by the sum of SSF and TSF was lower than the body fat as determined by the SSF （BF_ SS） but higher than that determined by the TSF （BF_ TS）. The lean body mass （LBM） of males increased with age, whereas the LBM of females did not change significantly with increased age, however, the LBM Combined of both males and females was higher than the LBM as determined by the TSF and by the BF_ SS （LBM_ SS）. There is a difference in the percentile of the sum of SSF and TSF in males and females of this study as compared with the Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance programme. The P3, P5 and P10 of males were higher with others lower than the percentile norms from 2005. The percentile of females aged 14 were higher than the norms in 2005 with other ages were lower. All of these results indicate that the body fat of students in Huining Senior Middle School were not high compared to other groups. Conclusion These findings showed that physique development of Huining students was in agreement with children in puberty but that the main problem in this sample was that of being underweight. The major growth in males was mainly defined through body weight, and that of females through body fat. It is suggested that there be further education in promoting more exercise and the development of a better diet, especially an increased intake energy foods and high grade proteins. An improvement in living habit is also recommended.