1Cr18Ni9Ti电子束焊接工艺参数与焊缝形状的关系研究

Study on Relationship Between Welding Parameters and Weld Shape in Electron Beam Welding

以1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为试验材料,进行了多组参数下的电子束焊接试验,均获得了质量优良的焊缝组织。焊接试验结果分析表明:(1)熔深随束流的增加而近似呈线性增加;在低电压、慢焊接速度的热传导焊接情况下,熔宽随束流的增加而近似呈线性增加,但在高电压、快焊接速度的热传导焊接情况下,熔宽随束流的增加而基本保持不变。随着加速电压的增加,熔深也增加,但熔宽没有明显的变化规律。随着焊接速度的增加,熔深、熔宽都有不同程度的减小,但熔深变化更明显。(2)焊缝形状特征参数与线能量之间的关系按加速电压和束流进行分组研究,线能量对熔深、熔宽及深宽比的影响具有一定的规律性。为获得较大的深宽比的焊缝,宜采用较高电压,并匹配合适的束流。要获得大的熔宽,宜在低加速电压下采用较大的线能量。(3)焊缝的显微硬度都达到了母材显微硬度的85%以上,焊缝的显微硬度与焊接工艺参数没有明显的联系。

A series of experiments of electron beam welding （EBW） using 1Cr18Ni9Ti as test material were carried out and the weld joints of good quality were obtained. The results show that penetration depth increases linearly with the increasing beam current. Under the conditions of the low accelerating voltage and the slow welding speed in the heat conduction welding, the penetration width increases linearly with the increasing beam current while the penetration width remains almost the same with high accelerating voltage and the high speed. The penetration width increases with the increasing accelerating voltage while the penetration depth remains unchanged. The penetration depth increases more quickly than the penetration width with a reduction of welding speed. The relationship between weld shape and welding heat input is investigated. The influence of welding heat input on penetration depth, penetration width and aspect ratio is apparent according to grouping of accelerating voltage and beam current. The higher accelerating voltage can be employed with appropriate beam current in order to get lager aspect ratio. The lower accelerating voltage and higher welding heat input are supposed to obtain wider weld seam. All weld micro-hardness in experiments have reachs more than 85% that of base metal, and the obvious relationship between weld micro-hardness and welding parameters doesn＇t exist.