郁金香在济南地区的生长表现及分析

The Character and Analysis of the Growth of Tulips in Jinan Region

在多年引进郁金香栽培实践基础上,介绍了引进栽培的9类品系45个品种在山东济南的生长状况,经过形态特征和物候的详细观察,针对不同气候条件和栽培措施状况下的有关主栽品种,记录并分析其生长发育习性,为济南地区进一步引种和栽培郁金香筛选出了适应性强、观赏价值高的栽培种类。经过种球种植、土壤种球消毒、造景配置、抚育管理、种球收集以及种球复壮等手段,使引进的郁金香品种在济南地区大多能正常生长开花,且表现良好,性状稳定。如达尔文杂交系的金色阿普多美'GoldenApeldoorn''Parade'等品种,也有的品种受气候和自身生态适应性的限制生长开花不理想,如单瓣晚花系的'Kingsblood''Ile de France'和单瓣早花系的‘Arma',开出的花很小,茎杆矮弱。在同一栽培区域,小气候条件及人工措施对郁金香生长会产生较大影响,遮荫、地膜覆盖等栽培手段可以有效调控花期,春天气温回暖的早晚也决定着郁金香的花期物候特征。根系在种球初冬栽培不久便会发育完全,生长期追肥可提升子代种球的质量。

On the basis of introduction and cultivation of 9 strains and 45 Tulip cultivars for many years and upon the delailed documentation of growth and phenological characters, the growth habits of main cultivated varieties were documented and analyzed under various microclimate and cultural practices. An integrated curlivation technique was elucidated by test results. The favorable group with higher adaptability and higher appreciation value were screen out for fuMher introduction and cultivation in Jinan region. Through the planting, disinfection, arrangement, fostering, collecting and rejuvenation, most cultivars could grow well in Jinan, like ＂Golden Apeldoorn＂ and ＂Parade＇. Some species such as ＂Kingsblood＇, lie de France＇, and ＂Arma＂ and other cultivars grow and blossom not as ideally as in origin countries. Shading, plastic covering, and fertilizing could be adopted to regulate the phenological characteristics by cultivations.