士之变迁:从八股文士到洋场众生——从《儒林外史》、《二十年目睹之怪现状》看知识分子形象变迁

Change of Intellectual's Images from Traditional to New Ones——The Intellectual's Images in the Scholars and Social Reality in Two Decades

在中国传统社会中,"士"向来被尊为"四民"之首,高居金字塔型社会结构的顶端。知识分子问题本身具有丰富的现实内容和巨大的历史深度。《儒林外史》、《二十年目睹之怪现状》分别反映了清中叶和晚清时期的知识分子形象,清晰地勾勒出了由传统向近代转型时期知识分子对传统仕宦道路的疏离乃至背叛,谋生就食手段的多样化以及人格人生理念的变化。作为一个承担文化使命的特殊阶层,"士"从封建士人到近代新式知识分子的形象转变,可以从一个侧面反映特定历史阶段社会的发展进程。

Chinese intellectuals were in the top of social classes. Change of the intellectual＇ s images reflects the improvement of Chinese society. The scholars and social reality in the two decades described intellectual images in medium and the Late Qing Dynasty. From the two works , we can learn traditional intellectual give up traditional careers, change their career choices and wordly ideal.