能源效率研究发展及趋势:一个综述

Current Progresses and New Trend of Research on Energy Efficiency:A Literature Review

提高能源效率是实现可持续发展的关键。对于能源效率的研究主要集中在"能源效率评价"和"能源效率影响因素分析"两个层面。基于单要素生产率结构的能源效率指标没有考虑其他投入要素的影响,存在较大的局限性;基于全要素生产率结构的能源效率指标则将"单投入"扩展为"多投入"结构,考虑了不同投入要素间的配合,能够更好地呈现出效率内涵。但这两种评价指标均忽略了污染物产出,从而导致了对能源效率一定的高估。此外,能源效率的变动可以用经济结构变动、技术进步、制度变化等因素来解释。未来研究的主要方向将会集中在能源效率变动的微观机制、考虑污染物排放的能源效率评价上。

Improvement of energy efficiency plays a key role on China＇s sustainable development. Most of the current research has focused on the evaluation of energy efficiency, and the determinant factors analysis, and the results indicate that energy efficiency indicator based on the total-factor productivity framework can overcome the disadvantage of the indicator based on the single-factor productivity framework. However, both of them may overestimate the ＂real output＂ and the efficiency score due to the neglect of the pollution emission associated with the production. Furthermore, the structure change, technology progress and institution transition are the main driving forces of energy efficiency. The future research on energy efficiency will focus on the mechanism analysis at micro-level, as well as energy efficiency evaluation combined with the pollution emission.