墓志新辑唐代挽歌考论

Research on the Elegy of the Newly Edited from the Epitaph in the Tang Dynasty

挽歌是古代丧葬礼仪的一个重要环节,也是哀挽文学的一种特定体裁。但大多数挽歌是在丧葬过程中由乐队演奏的。挽歌镌于碑石者,甚为少见。新近出土的唐代墓志中,有一批挽歌是具有重要参考价值的唐诗文献。这类挽歌主要有两种类型:刻在墓志盖上的挽歌和墓志铭中的挽歌。这两种挽歌,无论是作者和哀挽对象,还是内容与形式,都具有一定的特殊性。唐代挽歌与唐代丧葬制度、礼仪习俗有着极为密切的关系,也是我们认识并了解唐代礼仪制度的重要内容。以新出墓志所载挽歌与传世挽歌进行比较研究,有助于认识挽歌特殊的文学价值与社会文化学意义。

Elegy is an important segment of funeral custom in ancient times and is a special genre of mourning literature. Most of the elegies are played by the band in the process of funeral, and those engraved on the stele are very rare. A batch of elegies engraved on the newly excavated epitaph of the Tang Dynasty have been discovered, which possess important reference value as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. These elegies can be divided into two types, one is excavated on the cover of epitaph; and the other is from the epitaph. These two types of elegies have their uniqueness in terms of the author, the object the author mourned, the content and form. Meanwhile, the elegy of the Tang Dynasty has a very close relationship with the funeral custom and the etiquette custom, and therefore can help us know and understand the funeral custom of the Tang Dynasty. Furthermore, through comparative research on the elegies engraved on the newly excavated epitaph of the Tang Dynasty and the elegies handed down, we can obtain a deeper understanding toward the special literary value and sociocultural significance of elegies.