中国历史上少数民族刑事案件法律适用问题研究

On the Application of Law to the Criminal Cases of the Minorities in Ancient China

中国古代在少数民族地区法律适用中,国家首先关注的是刑事案件的管辖,因为它关系到国家对少数民族地区社会治理的问题。中国古代国家对少数民族刑事案件积极司法管辖的基础上却在法律适用中体现出相当的灵活性。认真分析国家对少数民族刑事案件的法律适用情况,可以分为:在罪名适用上,有直接适用国家法中的罪名与变通适用各少数民族罪名;在刑罚适用上,有直接适用国家法中的刑罚和变通适用各少数民族的刑罚。中国古代国家对少数民族刑事案件管辖时,并不必然导致完全适用国家法中的罪名与刑名。这种灵活的刑事法律适用使国家对少数民族的法律适用实现了灵活性与原则性、统一性与地方性的结合。

In ancient China, the state paid primary attention to the administration of criminal cases while applying the law to the criminal cases of the minorities because this was related to the social problems in the minority areas. There emerged a quite flexible application of the state law with the local situations taken into consideration. This flexibility was a combination of the state law and the customary law with a consideration of the principles and the local traits.