论罗蒂的反讽自由主义理论

Richard Rorty′s Theory of Ironic Liberalism

柏拉图哲学传统试图用一种共通的人性理论将私人领域与公共领域合而为一,而反柏拉图传统的尼采、哈贝马斯等人也没有能真正摆脱这一窠臼。罗蒂通过论证柏拉图传统的虚妄,揭示了"偶然"的无处不在,从而提出了将公共领域和私人领域加以切割的主张。由此出发,罗蒂提出了反讽自由主义的基本立场:一个真正的自由主义社会,应该允许、鼓励私人的创造性;一个真正的反讽自由主义者,应该一方面尽其所能地对已有的一切进行再描述,另一方面,应该同情地理解他人的终极语汇,扩大"我们"的范围,将"他人"接纳为"我们"中的一员,最大可能地减少残酷。

The traditional Platonic philosophy tries to combine the private domain with the public domain with a universally applicable theory of humanity while such philosophers as Nietzsche and Habermas who are against the Platonic tradition have not really overcome this limitation.Through a criticism of the fallacies in the Platonic tradition,Richard Rorty reveals the existence of 'fortuity' everywhere and proposes the separation of the private domain from the public domain.The basic ideas of ironic Liberalism of Richard Rorty include the following: a society of Liberalism in the true sense of the term should allow and encourage the creation of the individual;a real follower of ironic Liberalism should both try his best to re-describe all in existence,and sympathetically understands others′ ultimate discourse,accepts others to enlarge 'us',and reduces cruelty in every possible way.