变应原特异性免疫治疗的进展

Advances in the clinical application of allergen specifie-immtmotherapy

变应原特异性免疫治疗是除了避免接触变应原之外惟一能够影响变态反应疾病自然进程的治疗手段。传统方法多采用天然变应原提取物进行皮下免疫治疗，然而随着临床医学、分子生物学及分子免疫学技术的发展，特异性免疫治疗也有了新发展。各种新型疫苗层出不穷，新型佐剂开始研发，舌下免疫治疗也逐渐在临床开展。目前其已用于预防治疗变应性鼻结膜炎、哮喘及毒液变态反应，而对特应性皮炎的治疗还处于试验阶段。

Besides allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy （SIT） is the only treatment that may alter the natural course of allergic diseases, which are traditionally managed by subcutaneous immunization with natural allergen extracts. With the development in clinical medicine, molecular biology and molecular immunology, great progress has been made in SIT. Recently, various novel vaccines and adjuvants have been exploited and developed, and clinicians have attempted to use sublingual immunotherapy in clinical settings. Also, SIT has been introduced into the prevention and therapy of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma and venom allergy. However, the application of SIT in atopic dermatitis is still in experimental stage.