菌根伴生真菌对外生菌根真菌生长及其中性蛋白酶活性的影响

Influence of mycorrhiza-associated fungi on the growth and neutral proteases in ectomycorrhizal fungi

【目的】筛选产中性蛋白酶活性较高的外生菌根真菌及最佳诱导底物。【方法】以酵母粉(对照)和4种菌根伴生真菌(Trichoderma harzianum HDTP-1、T.harzianum HDTP-3、Mucor hiemalis SA10-6 HDTP-4和M.hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5)灭活菌丝体为诱导底物,研究其对粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus bovines)、褐环粘盖牛肝菌(Suil-lus luteus)、褐黄牛肝菌(Boletus luridus)和铆钉菇(Gomphidius viscidus)4种外生菌根真菌生物量及其所产中性蛋白酶活性的影响。【结果】4种菌根伴生真菌均明显促进了褐环粘盖牛肝菌、粘盖牛肝菌和褐黄牛肝菌的生长,其中Mucorhiemalis SA10-6HDTP-4对褐环粘盖牛肝菌的促进效果极显著,而4种菌根伴生真菌对铆钉菇的生长均有不同程度的抑制,其中Trichoderma harzianum HDTP-3的抑制作用最强。4种菌根伴生真菌诱导的4种外生菌根真菌所产的中性蛋白酶活性,均以褐黄牛肝菌最高,铆钉菇最低;M.hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5诱导褐环粘盖牛肝菌所产中性蛋白酶活性最高,T.harzianum HDTP-3最低;M.hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5诱导粘盖牛肝菌所产中性蛋白酶活性极显著高于酵母粉和其他3种菌根伴生真菌,但其诱导褐黄牛肝菌和铆钉菇所产中性蛋白酶活性仅极显著高于其他3种菌根伴生真菌。【结论】4种菌根伴生真菌中,M.hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5是外生菌根真菌产中性蛋白酶的最佳诱导底物;而4种外生菌根真菌中,褐黄牛肝菌所产中性蛋白酶活性最高。

[Objective] The research was to screen ectomycorrhizal fungi characterized with higher activity of the neutral proteases and the best inducer. [Method] The mycelium biomass and the production of neutral proteases by four strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi i. e. , Suillus bovines, Suillus luteus, Boletus luridus and Gomphidius viscidus on yeast（as control） and autoclaved mycelia of four strains of mycorrhiza-associated fungi（Trichoderma harzianum HDTP-1, T. harzianum HDTP-3,Mucor hiemalis SA10-6 HDTP-4 and M. hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5） were evaluated. [Result] The result revealed that all strains of mycorrhiza-associated fungi promoted the growth of S. luteus, S. bovines and B. luridus obviously, and Mucor hiemalis SA10-6 HDTP-4 was the most striking for S. luteus, while all mycorrhiza-associated fungi inhibited the growth of G. viscidus and the inhibitory degree of Trichoderma harzianum HDTP-3 was the strongest. Among several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi,B, luridus was characterized with the highest neutral proteolytic activity when induced by the mycelia of the four strains of mycorrhiza-associated fungi, while G. viscidus was the lowest. The induction of highest neutral proteolytic activity for S. luteus was observed when adding M. hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5 as an inductor, while the lowest was observed when adding T. harzianum HDTP-3. Among all the induetors,M, hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5 turned out to be the best inductor for neutral proteolytic activity of S. bovines,and significantly higher than yeast and the other three strains of mycorrhiza-associated fungi,but it only greatly induced the neutral proteases,much higher than the other three strains of mycorrhiza-associated fungi for B. luridus and for G. viscidus. [Conclusion] The strain of B. luridus was characterized with the highest activity of the neutral proteases. Taken the mycelia of four strains of mycorrhiza-associated fungi into consideration, the mycelium of Mucor hiemalis XSD-98 HDTP-5 was the best inducer for neutral proteolytic activity.