当代女性主义荷马批评

Contemporary Feminist Criticism on the Homeric Epics

当代女性主义荷马批评是受到西方女性主义运动以及女性主义文学批评的影响，20世纪70年代左右在荷马研究中出现的，至今仍是荷马研究中相当活跃和激进的一支。从三种最具代表性的女性主义荷马批评路线及其批评者（如克雷顿、费尔逊·鲁宾、卡茨、弗利）入手，分别探讨荷马史诗（以《奥德赛》中的佩涅洛佩为核心）的女性主义诗学、女性的不确定性和欲望、女性作为自主的道德行动者等议题，思考当代女性主义对传统荷马研究的冲击、挑战和维护，评价其批评视野开启出新的荷马史诗研究题域所作出的贡献。

Deeply influenced by Western feminist movement and feminist literary criticism, contemporary feminist criticism on the Homeric epics has consequently emerged since 1970s and has remained by far an active and radical branch of the Homeric research. Starting with three representative feminist critical readings and their corresponding critics （e. g. Barbara Clayton, Nancy Felson-Rubin, Marylin A. Katz and Helene P. Foley）, this paper analyzes such topics as the feminist po- etics, indeterminacy and desire of woman and woman as a moral agent （centered on Penelope in Odyssey）. It tries to reflect on how contemporary feminist criticisms challenge or adhere to traditional Homeric researches, and simultaneously estimate how these criticisms contribute to this old sphere of literary studies.