不同耕作方式与秸秆还田周年生产力的综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of tillage and straw returning on yearly productivity

该文通过3a的定位试验,比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下免耕套种秸秆覆盖、免耕套种高茬、翻耕秸秆还田、翻耕秸秆不还田(对照,CK)4个处理对周年生产力的影响。结果表明:免耕套种的小麦产量降低,水稻产量增加,年产量略降,翻耕秸秆还田具较高产量生产力。如考虑节省的秧田种植小麦,则免耕套种的稻麦年产量可与翻耕秸秆还田持平。经技术经济分析,采用稻麦免耕套种秸秆还田,具有明显的节本增收、提高活劳动净产率的效果,在稻麦周年产量不减的同时,比翻耕秸秆不还田处理增收1874.8元/hm2,增加18.0%,经济生产力最高。翻耕秸秆还田比不还田有一定的增产增收效果,如果考虑到耕地持续生产力,秸秆还田后所带来的土壤肥力效应和减少肥料用量,其增产增收效果更为明显。从高产、高效、可持续发展等方面,运用综合评分法对稻麦两熟制不同耕作栽培方式周年生产力综合评价,免耕套种秸秆还田得分最高,周年生产力最好,免耕套种高茬和翻耕秸秆还田居中,翻耕秸秆不还田得分最低,周年生产力最差。

An experiment of four treatments （no-tillage ＋ straw mulching,NTS; no-tillage ＋ high stubble remaining,NTH; conventional tillage ＋ straw incorporation,CTS and conventional tillage ＋ no straw returning,CT） was designed to investigate the effects of tillage and straw returning on yearly productivity in a wheat-rice double cropping system for three consecutive years. Results show that wheat yields under NTS and NTH were low,but rice yield increased to some extent,the total yield of rice and wheat was relatively low. Providing additional wheat yield in rice seedling field needed by the latter two treatments,the total yields of rice and wheat under NTS and NTH were higher than those of CTS and CT. technically and economically,NTS could reduce the cost,increase the total income by about RMB1874.8 per hm2,about 18% raising rate,so increase the yearly economic productivity. Compared with CT,CTS achieved a higher yield and productivity. Viewing the effects of CTS on soil fertility and the decreased fertilizer usage,the efficiency was very obvious. Considering yield,quality and sustainable development,a comprehensive appraisal system was proposed to give a fair evaluation of yearly productivity of rice and wheat under different cropping systems. Four tillage and cultivation methods were evaluated according to this evaluation system. The appraisal results show that NTS won the highest score due to its highest yearly productivity. NTH,CTS took the 2nd and 3rd places. CT was the last.