1945—1949年毛泽东对美苏关系认识的演变与中国共产党外交重心调整

Evolution of Mao Zedong's Recognition of the Relationship Between Soviet Union and the United States From 1945 to 1949 and Re-adjustment of the Emphasis of the CPC's Foreign Policy

1945年中共"七大"以后,毛泽东对美苏关系的认识先后经历了从强调美苏合作、美苏妥协到强调中间地带的变化,中共的外交重心相应地也经历了从联苏防美、以夷制夷到独立自主的调整过程。1947年9月共产党情报局建立后,随着美苏冷战格局的形成,毛泽东在思考新中国国际生存环境的过程中逐渐接受了共产党情报局关于"两个阵营"的国际政治理论,在此基础上确定了新中国"一边倒"的外交战略。1945—1949年毛泽东对美苏关系的认识演变和中共外交重心的调整是由不断变化的美苏关系以及美苏对中国革命的态度等因素共同推动形成的一个变化性非常明显的复杂历史过程。

After the 7th Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1945, Mao Zengdong＇ s understanding of the relation between Soviet Union and the United States experienced a series of changes from stressing the Soviet-US cooperation through emphasizing the Soviet-US compromise to holding the intermediate zone. Accordingly, the diplomatic focus of the CPC went through a self-adjusting process from uniting Soviet to prevent US through using one barbarian to control another to carrying out an independent diplomatic line. In a word, Mao＇ s perception of the relation between Soviet and US and the CPC＇ s repeated re-adjustments of diplomatic focus between 1945 and 1949 was a complicated historical process of prominent variation in account of continuous changes of Soviet-US relation, their respective attitudes towards Chinese revolution and other related factors.