矢量阵的非空间ESPRIT算法

A non-spatial ESPRIT algorithm for a vector hydrophone array

矢量水听器同时测量声场中某点的声压和质点振速的正交分量,单个矢量水听器可视为空间共点阵.建立了任意阵型矢量阵的数据模型,研究了任意阵型矢量阵的非空间ESPRIT算法.非空间ESPRIT算法不是利用空间2个子阵组成的矩阵对,而是利用矢量水听器不同的输出分量组成矩阵对完成目标的二维角度(水平方位角和仰角)估计.仿真研究了该算法对单个源和多个源方位估计的情况,并利用外场试验数据验证了算法的有效性.结果表明,在当时的试验条件下,常规波束形成获得的主瓣波束宽度为30°左右,而非空间ESPRIT算法对目标方位估计的标准差为3°左右,说明基于矢量阵的非空间ESPRIT算法在未知阵列流形的前提下可对目标进行高精度方位估计.

A vector-hydrophone simultaneously measures acoustic pressure and three orthogonal components of acoustic particle velocity at a particular point in a sound field. A single vector hydrophone is a spatial collocated array. In this paper, a data model for an arbitrary vector hydrophone array was established and a non-spatial ESPRIT algorithm based on this arbitrary vector hydrophone was studied. The matrix pair of the non-spatial ESPRIT algo- rithm was composed of different output components of the vector hydrophone, instead of the two identical subarrays, allowing it to estimate the direction of arrival of targets. 2-D direction finding （ azimuth and elevation angle） could be obtained using a non-spatial ESPRIT algorithm. Direction of arrival estimations for single source and multisouces were simulated. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was tested with experimental data. The RMS error for angle estimation by the non-spatial ESPRIT algorithm was about 3° and the main beam width of conventional beamforming was about 30°, which indicates that high resolution direction of arrival estimation could be obtained using the non-spatial ESPRIT algorithm without requiring information from an array manifold.