骨组织工程化构建中细胞三维培养力学微环境的研究

Study on mechanical micro-circumstance of cellular 3-Dimensional（3-D） cultivation in bone tissue engineering

骨重建和骨塑建的力学响应机制表明力学因素在骨的组织工程化构建中起着十分重要的作用。外部力学载荷导致骨组织内部的力学微环境发生变化进而在细胞的增殖、迁移、细胞外基质的合成、细胞因子及激素分泌能力以及骨髓间充质干细胞的分化方向等方面产生重要的影响。因此，在组织工程构建过程中，细胞三维培养的力学微环境是有待深入研究的重要内容。尤其近年来引入了三维有限元分析的方法以及非侵入性高分辨率的Micro-CT影像技术，使在细观层次上进一步探索培养物内部的微观力学条件成为可能。综述了骨组织工程化构建中细胞三维培养的微环境、力学生物学效应、力学因素的施加和量化等方面的研究进展。

Mechanical factors play an important role in the construction of engineered bone tissues. Changes of the caused by external mechanical load greatly affects the cell proliferation and migration, extra-cellular matrix synthesis, secretion of growth factors, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. Therefore, further investigations on the mechanical microenvironment of 3-D cell cultivation are crucial in the field of bone tissue engineering. Moreover, the introduction of 3-D finite element method（FEM） and non-invasive imaging technique of high resolution Micro-CT have made it possible the study of microscopic stress/strain of the environment in different scaffolds. This paper will summarize the 3-D microenviromnent of cell cultivation, mechanobiological effects, the application and quantification of mechanical loading in the construction of engineered bone tissues.