修剪量对开心形梨树生长、结果及根系生长的影响

Effect of Pruning Rate on the Tree Growth,Fruiting and Root Growth of Open-center Shaped Pear

以开心形丰水梨幼树为试材，通过轻剪、重剪和不修剪处理对其树体生长指标、产量、根系分布度进行比较分析。结果表明，轻剪处理能显著提高树势，修剪量过重和不修剪都不利于开心形梨树生长。不修剪处理平均单果重小，产量低，而轻剪处理平均单果重高，果实均匀一致，产量高，产量高低顺序为轻剪〉重剪〉不修剪。不同修剪量梨树根系垂直方向主要集中分布在0～60cm，水平方向在150～300cm土体中。其中吸收根根量垂直分布集中在20～50cm，水平方向在150—200cm土层内，轻剪处理水平根系分布深而广，不修剪梨树垂直根系深，水平分布不广，重剪处理根系分布居中。在丘陵地区开心树梨形应以轻剪长放为主，加强夏季管理和拉枝是修剪不可缺少的配套措施。

The young trees of open-center shaped Housui pear were used as the material to study the effect of different pruning rate （ light, heavy and no） on the pear tree growth, fruiting and root growth. The results showed that light pruning increased tree vigor and heavy pruning and no pruning went a- gainst the tree growth. The average weight of the fruits with light pruning was higher than no pruning. The no-pruning tees got small fruit and low-yield, on the other hand, the light pruning trees got large and uniform fruit, high-yield. The order of fruit yield was light pruning 〉 heavy pruning 〉 no-pruning. The root system of different pruning rate mainly distributed in the 0 -60 cm vertical depth and 150 - 300 cm horizontal width in soil layer. The absorption root of pear those mainly distributed in the 20 - 50 cm vertical depth and 150 ～ 200 cm horizontal width in soil layer. The root system with light prun- ing distributed more deeply and widely, that with no-pruning distributed deeply, but not widely, and that with heavy pruning was in the middle. In the hilly areas, light and extending pruning should be the main choice of open-center shaped pear trees.