坛紫菜薄叶新品系选育及经济性状的比较

Selective breeding and comparison of economic traits of the new thin-thallus strain Porphyra haitanensis

对坛紫菜人工杂交和选育的Z-26、Z-61和Z-81品系的F2、F3代的经济性状进行比较,旨在选育优良的薄叶新品系。实验结果表明,(1)Z-61新品系藻体薄,厚度约为26～32μm,培养期间经两次剪收,厚度增长不明显,日平均增厚0.32～0.35μm/d;Z-81藻体厚度为36～40μm,比Z-61厚38～50%,剪收后厚度增长明显,日平均增厚0.60～0.70μm/d,经两次剪收后藻体厚度可达52μm;Z-26新品系厚度为30～42μm,剪收后厚度日增长介于Z-61和Z-81新品系之间,为0.37～0.55μm/d;(2)Z-61的F3代在低氮、磷培育液培养8d,藻体虽然发黄但未死亡,移至含有氮、磷的正常培养液中培养2～3d,色泽和生长均可恢复正常;Z-81F3代和Z-26F3代在低氮、磷下生长较Z-61F3代慢,恢复时间需要3～5d;(3)Z-61F2代第1次剪收时的藻胆蛋白含量较Z-26、Z-81品系高30.2%～34.4%,叶绿素a含量比Z-81高13.8%～44.7%。以上研究结果可为选育薄叶型坛紫菜,提高坛紫菜的质量和经济效益奠定基础。

In order to breed an eugenic thin-thallus strain of Porphyra haitanensis, economic traits of hybrid and selective bred stains（Z-26, Z-61 and Z-81）were studied. It was found that： （1） The blade of Z-61 was thin and the thickness was 26-32μm. After twice cut-harvest, the blade thickness （BT） showed no obvious increase and the mean thickness increase rate （TIR） was 0.32-0.35μm/d. BT of Z-81 was 36-40μm, which was 38%-50% thicker than Z-61. BT of Z-81 increased to 52μm after twice cut-harvest and TIR was 0.6-0.7μm/d. BT of Z-26 was 30-42/,m and TIR was 0.37-0.55/,m after cut-harvest. （2） After being cultured for 8 days in a medium of low N and P concentrations, the blades Fa gametophyte of Z-61 turned yellow but were not dead; then after being cultured for 2 or 3 days in the regular medium, the color turned normal and growth recovered. F3 gametophyte thallus of both Z-81 and Z-26 grew slower than Z-61 in a medium of low N and P concentrations, and after that spent 3 to 5 days to recover. （3） After one harvest, content of phycobiliprotein in Z-61 F2 gametophyte was 30.21-34.40% higher than Z-26 or Z-81, and its chlorophyll-a content was 13.8-44.7% higher than Z-81. These findings provided a basis for selective breeding of a thin-thallus strain P. hai- tanensis, and for improving its quality and economic benefits.