甘蓝型杂交油菜的育性分离及其对产量的影响

Fertility Segregation in Hybrid Rapeseed and Its Influence on Yield Capacity

在秋播和春播条件下观察了3个甘蓝型油菜杂交种的育性分离及其对产量的影响。结果表明:3个杂交油莱的F_1群体育性均有分离,不育株率分别为6.69％、12.77％、21.78％,且春播不育株率大于秋播。细胞质雄性不育F_1群体中,不同育性程度植株的花器官形态呈数量性状变异。由于3个F_1杂种群体中不育株的单株有效负数、每角粒数少,单株产量显著下降,仅分别为可育株的9.54％、20.02％、25.38％,从而导致F_1群体产量分别下降9.84％、26.14％、16.24％。并提出选育稳定的不育系、强恢复能力的恢复系、严格的隔离条件是克服杂交油菜育性分离的主要途径。

Fertility segregation and its influence on yield capacity in three hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ), 'Shan 2A (×) Ken C_1', '4002A(×) 4003R' (both CMS) and '6CA(×)3027' (NMS) were studied under autumn and spring planting conditions. Results showed that segregation of fertility existed in all the three hybrids. Sterile plants constituted 6.69%, 12.77% and 21.78% of their respective F_1 population. The percentage of sterile plants was higher under spring planting than under autumn planting. Quantitative variation in the morphology of CMS F_1 floral organs was observed among the individuals of various fertility. The per plant seed yields for the sterile plants in the three F_1 hybrids were 9.54%, 20.02% and 25.38%, respectively, of those for the fully fertile plants. The yields of the three F_1 hybrids were estimated to be reduced by 9.84%, 26.14% and 16.24%, respectively, owing to the yield loss of the sterile plants which were characterized by fewer siliquae per plant and fewer seeds per silique.The suggested main approaches to overcoming the problem of fertility segregation in hybrid rapeseed are to develop a stable male sterile line, to select a restorer with an entire restoring ability and to create a strict isolation system for Fi hybrid multiplication.