大电流弧光放电机理讨论

Discussion about the Mechanics of Heavy Current Arc Light Discharging

用电磁学理论结合能带理论讨论了弧光放电机理问题,认为在大电流的条件下,电极上能够产生大量的焦耳热使得阴极上的自由电子在晶格势场中的能态升高;由于大电流可以使得大量载流子参与定向运动,当电极断开时,大量载流子的定向运动动能转化为阴极上自由电子在晶格势场中的电势能,进一步升高阴极上自由电子在晶格势场中的能态;由于大电流使得阴极上聚集的自由电子数量巨大,从而在阳极和阴极间产生强电场,在两极间强电场的作用下,可以产生场致发射。解释了弧光放电过程中的负伏安特性;分析了弧光放电过程,比较了热电子发射和场致发射的联系与区别。

In this article, we combine electromagnetic theory with band theory to discuss the mechanics of arc light discharging, consider that in the condition of heavy current, the electrodes can produce plentiful joule heat to make the free electrons of cathode have higher energetic state in lattice potential field; since great electric currency can make a big number of current carriers joining in orientation movement, when disconnecting the electrodes, the kinet- ic energy of current carriers in orientation movement will transform to electric potential in the lattice potential field of free electrons in the cathode. This may further raise the energetic state in the lattice potential field of free electrons in the cathode; heavy current can make a huge amount of free electrons aggregate in the cathode , therefore, a strong electric potential is produced between anode and cathode, which can lead to field emission. Explain the minus volt-ampere characteristics of arc light discharging course; analyze the process of are light discharging, compare the differences and relationshi pof between thermal electron emission and field emission.