江苏省小麦土传病毒病的研究 Ⅲ.小麦梭条花叶病综合防治技术及其依据

Studies on a Soil-Borne Virus Disease of Wheat in Jiangsu Province III. Techniques of Integrated Control oF Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Disease

利用抗病品种和轮作换茬为主的综合配套防治措施,能有效地控制小麦梭条花叶病。种植抗病良种能使病田达到持续高产的效果,试验表明,不同病区的小麦梭条花叶病毒源致病力存在差异。根据品种和8个病区毒源的互作反应,可将品种抗性分为3种类型,其中部分抗病品种(系)已得到合理利用;轮作换种油菜、大麦等可改造重病田;在始病期追施氮肥可促进生长,增强麦苗抗耐病能力;适当迟播能错过和缩短介体禾谷多粘菌(Polymyxa graminis)侵染传毒时间,精耕细作加强水土管理,可减缓毒源扩散和抑制介体活动。

Wheat spindle streak mosaic disease ( WSSM ) has been rapidly spreading since the 1970s, and has become one of the important diseases of wheat in Jiangsu Province. It has also been found in Sichuan, Henan, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, etc. Commonly about 20-50% of the yield was reduced by this disease, and sometimes even higher than 70%.Integrated control has been practised successfully to prevent the spread of this disease. The major measures are as follows. (1) The use of resistant or tolerant wheat varieties. Tests indicated that the virulence of disease sources from different areas is different. According to the reaction between wheat varieties and the 8 disease sources, the varieties were classified into three types. Those resistant to all or part of the 8 disease sources have already been rationally used in different areas. (2) Crop rotation with non-host crops to reduce inoculum sources with virus-carrying vector of soil-inhabitation. (3) An adequate delay of sowing date to escape the infection priod. (4) Use of rapidly available nitrogen fertilizers at the first appearance of symptoms to increase resistibility of the seedlings. (5) Improved management of water, soil and seeds to prevent the spread of disease. At present, these control measures have been used extensively with obvious economic profit.