敦煌壁画中的于阗装饰佛瑞像及其相关问题

The paintings of famous image with the Buddha of Khotanese ornamental dress in Dunhuang Grottoes and some other relativequestions

本文介绍和考释了敦煌壁画中的于阗装饰佛瑞像。新发现海眼寺瑞像实际有两种,属于装饰佛的为海眼寺圣容像。首次对固城瑞像进行了系统考释,提出固城瑞像主要是过去诸佛之瑞像,在敦煌具有"背光中密布千佛(或鳞片)"特征的瑞像均为此种瑞像。于阗装饰佛瑞像在形象上受到了于阗国王装束的影响。莫高窟第98窟于阗国王李圣天像之服饰实际上是汉族帝王冕旒衮服与于阗王传统装束的混合形式。于阗装饰佛瑞像某种程度上体现了于阗王、佛一体的思想。

This article is trying to making an overall introduction to the paintings of famous image with the Buddha of Khotanese ornamental dress in Dunhuang Grottoes and attempts to making a comprehensive study of them. The study had revealed that the type of famous image appeared in Haiyansi (The Sea-eye Temple) had existed in two forms of presentation, the one type with Khotanese ornamental dressed Buddha are tabled as the Buddha of holy appearances in Haiyansi, thus made them deferent with other famous image in Haiyansi. For the first time, this article made a careful and systematic study on the type of famous image of Gucheng and draws out a conclusion that they are the formative design to representation of Mānusi with the important attributes: those of the famous image with the halo are full of small images of thousand Buddhas or a bud scale on the Dunhuang Murals. The study shows that a live Khotan king's dress must exercise strong influence upon icon of famous image in the presentation of Khotanese ornamental Buddha in Dunhuang Grottoes. The portrait of Vis' a' Sambhava in Cave 98 at Maogao Grottoes had showed a mixture formation of Chinese empire attire with a traditional Khotanese royal attributes. The paintings of famous image with the Buddha of Khotanese ornamental dress, in one way or another, reflected the idea of unification of king of Khotan with Buddha which had popular in ancient Khotan Kingdom.