ICP-AES法检测云南稻精米和糙米与土壤矿质元素间的关联性

Correlation of Mineral Elements Between Milled and Brown Rice and Soils in Yunnan Studied by ICP-AES

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对55个云南省水稻改良品种精米、糙米及其相应的土壤18种矿质元素进行测定与分析,加标回收率在93.1%～110.2%之间,RSD为0.8%～5.1%。18种矿质元素(S,Mo,Ba,Ni,Fe,Cr,Na,Al,Cu,P,Sn,Zn,B,Mn,Mg,Ca,Sr和K)是功能稻米活性成分的重要部分,精米的平均含量依次为P>K>S>Mg>Ca>Zn>Na>Al>Mn>Fe>Cu>B>Mo>Ni>Sn>Cr>Ba>Sr,糙米P>K>Mg>S>Ca>Zn>Mn>Al>Na>Fe>Cu>B>Mo>Sn>Ni>Cr>Ba>Sr,而土壤则为Fe>Al>Ca>K>Mg>P>S>Mn>B>Na>Ba>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Sn>Mo>Sr;精米和糙米除S和P外,16种矿质元素含量均明显低于土壤;精米和糙米间八种微量元素(Mo,Ni,Cr,Sr,Mn,Zn,Cu,Na)间相关性明显比六种宏量元素(P,K,Mg,Ca,S和Al)间关系密切。云南土壤以富铁铝高钙为主而精米和糙米则以磷钾镁硫为主;以精米为主食比糙米更易诱发慢性病。文章结果可能为功能稻米遗传育种、生产以及人类慢性病和矿质营养不良(Fe,Zn和Ca)问题研究的参考。

In the present paper, the contents of 18 mineral elements in milled and brown rice of 55 accessions elite cultivars as well as corresponding soils were determined by ICP-AES technique. The method proves to be simple, rapid, highly sensitive and accurate, and can be used to determine many elements at the same time, its recovery ratio obtained by standard addition method ranged between 93. 1% and 110. 2%, and its RSD was from 0. 8% to 5. 1%. The analytical results showed that 18 mineral elements （S, Mo, Ba, Ni, Fe, Cr, Na, Al, Cu, P, Sn, Zn, B, Mn, Mg, Ca, Sr and K） are the important active compositions of functional rice, and their mean contents in milled rice are in the order of P〉K〉S〉Mg〉Ca〉Zn〉Na〉AI〉Mn〉Fe〉Cu〉B 〉Mo〉Ni〉Sn〉Cr〉Ba〉Sr, in brown rice in the order of P〉K〉Mg〉S〉Ca〉Zn〉Mn〉AI〉Na〉Fe〉Cu〉B〉Mo〉Sn〉 Ni〉Cr〉Ba〉Sr, but in soil in the order of Fe〉 AI〉Ca〉K〉Mg〉P〉S〉Mn〉B〉Na〉Ba〉Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Ni〉Sn〉Mo〉 Sr; 16 mineral elements in milled and brown rice （except for S and P） are clearly lower than that in soils. The correlation of 8 microelements （Mo, Ni, Cr, Sr, Mn, Zn, Cu and Na） in milled and brown rice is closer than that of 6 macroelements （P, K, Mg, Ca, S and A1）. There are rich Fe, A1 and Ca in Yunnan soils, but 4 elements （P, K, Mg and S） are in high priority in milled and brown rice; The milled rice used for the staple is easier to place a premium on chronics than brown rice. The above resuits provided reliable data and theory bases for genetic breeding and production of functional rice, and for further solving the chronies and the malnourished problems with insufficient Fe, Zn and Ca for 4 billion people in the world.