氮磷肥料与水稻产量性状关系的研究

Research on the Relationship between the Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer and the Character of Rice Yield

[目的]研究新疆西北部地区水稻的需肥规律,为合理施肥提供技术参考,避免和减少不合理的施肥现象。[方法]采用二次饱和D-最优设计法,研究了氮、磷肥施用量对水稻产量及其相关性状的影响,建立了氮、磷素化肥施用量与产量及产量相关性间的回归方程。[结果]水稻生产中氮肥对穗数、穗粒数、产量的影响高于磷肥;氮磷配合的最适用量为：氮肥（N）272.12～440.98 kg/hm^2,磷肥（P2O5）62.96～145.67 kg/hm^2,氮磷比（N∶P2O5）1.00∶0.21～0.32,此时可获得水稻最佳产量为10186.75～15 283.32 kg/hm^2。氮磷肥料最佳用量范围内,氮肥对穗数、穗粒数、产量的影响大于磷肥;当氮磷肥料超出此范围时会产生负效应;氮磷肥料配合施用可促进穗数及产量的增加。[结论]不能盲目加大肥料用量,要氮磷配合且按配方施肥,同时加强土壤培肥也是至关重要的。

[Objective] The reference for the reasonable fertilization for paddy field in northwestern Xinjiang was provided through the research on the rule of fertilizer need of rice.[Method] The influence of the application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on rice yield and relevant properties were studied with the method of twice saturated D-optimal design and the return equation among nitrogen,phosphorus and rice yield,other properties was set up.[Results] The result showed that the influence of nitrogen fertilization on the number of panicle per plant,number of grain per panicle and yield of rice was higher than phosphorus fertilization.The suitable application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was from 272.12 to 440.98 kg/hm2 and phosphorus fertilizer was from 62.96 to 145.67 kg/hm2.In the optimal range of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization,the influence of nitrogen fertilization on the number of panicle per plant,number of grain per panicle and yield of rice was higher than phosphorus fertilization and beyond the range,the negative efficiency could be produced.The number of panicle per plant and yield of rice could be promoted in the combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization.[Conclusion] The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization and soil fertility was important in rice production.