中国2000-2006年5岁以下儿童死亡率和死亡原因分析

Analysis on under-5 mortality rate and the leading kinds of diseases in China, from 2000 to 2006

目的了解中国5岁以下儿童死亡率的变化趋势。方法利用全国5岁以下儿童死亡监测网资料，分析全国和不同地区5岁以下儿童死亡率的时间趋势和主要死因构成。结果2000—2006年全国、城市、农村婴儿死亡率分别由32．2‰、11．8‰、37．0‰下降到17．2‰、8．0‰、19．7‰；全国、城市、农村5岁以下儿童死亡率分别由39．7‰、13．8‰、45．7‰下降到20．6‰、9．6‰、23．6‰。全国、城市、农村5岁以下儿童死于肺炎比例分别由2000年的19．5％、9．9％、20．1％下降为2006年的15．6％、9．8％、16．2％。全国、农村5岁以下儿童死于腹泻比例分别由2000年的4．9％、5．2％下降到2006年的3．7％、4．0％。结论2000--2006年全国和各地区5岁以下儿童死亡率明显下降。

Objective To study the changing pattern of infant mortality and under-5 mortality rate in China from 2000 to 2006, and to evaluate China＇s progress in achieving the United Nations＇ Millennium Development Goal 4. Methods A population-based survey was conducted through a nationwide multi-level surveillance network. The mortality rate and the proportion of death for children under 5 were analyzed. Results The infant mortality rate （IMR）, under-5 mortality rate （UsMR） in China dropped to 17.2, 20.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively, comparing to 32.2 and 39.7 per 1000 live births in 2000. In urban areas, IMR, U5MR dropped to 8.0, 9.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively while they were 11.8 and 13.8 per 1000 live births respectively in 2000. In rural areas, IMR, U5MR dropped to 19.7 and 23.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively but they were 37.0 and 45.7 per 1000 live births respectively in 2000. During this period, the mortality rates due to pneumonia and diarrhea had dropped sharply. The proportion of deaths due to pneumonia, diarrhea also .dropped from 19.5%, 4.9% in 2000 to 15.6%, 3.7% in 2006, respectively. In urban areas, the proportion of deaths due to pneumonia dropped from 9.9% in 2000 to 9.8% in 2006, In rural areas, the proportion of deaths due to pneumonia, diarrhea dropped from 20.1%, 5.2% in 2000 to 16.2%, 4.0% in 2006, respectively. Conclusion The U,MR in China remarkably dropped from 2000 to 2006. Based on data through the surveillance program, China should be able to accomplish the Millennium Development Goals 4 of the United Nations as planned.