广东省梅县重点人群碘营养状况调查分析

Surveillance on iodine nutrition among population highly risky of iodine deficiency disorder in Meixian County in Guangdong Province

目的了解和评价现行的食盐加碘量是否满足广东省梅县3种重点人群的碘营养需求。方法以梅县城区和离县城20km的农村（西阳镇）为调查点，各选1所小学，凋查8—10岁学生甲状腺肿大率，同时采集学生尿样和家中盐样；选择城区学校周围和西阳镇周围村居住的20～40岁育龄妇女，采集尿样和家中盐样：在县医院和西阳镇卫生院，采集0～2岁婴幼儿尿样。甲状腺检查采用触诊法，尿碘测定采用砷铈催化分光光度法，盐碘测定采用直接滴定法。结果儿童甲状腺肿大率为1．5％（3／200），其中城区为1．0％（1／100），农村为2．0％（2／100）。3种人群尿碘中位数为237．1μg／L，其中学生、婴幼儿、育龄妇女的尿碘中位数分别为280．1、234．7、187．6μg／L；城区分别为287．4、245．0、205．5μg／L，农村分别为278．9、228．5、176．4μg／L。尿碘〈50．0μg／L比例，育龄妇女〉学生〉婴幼儿，分别为7．5％（15／200）、4．5％（9／200）、4．0％（4／100）；尿碘〉300．0μg／L的比例．婴幼儿〉学生〉育龄妇女，分别为33．0％（33／100）、30．0％（60／200）、22．5％（45／200）。盐碘中位数为27．2mg／kg，碘盐覆盖率为100．0％（400／400）；合格碘盐食用率城区为97．0％（194／200），农村为96．0％（192／200）。结论现行的食盐加碘量足以保证3种重点人群的碘营养需求，但学生和婴幼儿的碘营养水平有偏高的趋势．因此．建议下调现行食盐加碘量。

Objective To estimate the present salt iodine content and iodine nutrition need of high risk population of iodine deficiency disorder in Meixian County. Methods Each primary school was selected from urban and rural areas（Xiyang Town, 20 kilometers away from Meixian County）, the goiter rate of 8 to 10 year-old students was examined and urinary iodine and household salt iodine was sampled. Twenty to 40 year-old women of childbearing age nearby schools around the urban and villages around Xiyang Town were selected to collect their urine and salt samples. At urban hospitals and rural health centers, 0 to 2 year-old infant urine samples were collected. Thyroid gland was palpated and urinary iodine was determined by iodine in urine by As3＋-Ce4＋ catalytic speetrophotometry, salt iodine was determined by direct titration. Results The goiter rates of 8 to 10 year-old students were 1.5%（3/200）, 1.0% （1/100） for the urban area and 2.0% （2/100） for rural area. Median of urinary iodine in 8 to 10 year-old students, infants, women of childbearing age averaged at 237.1 μg/L and 280.1, 234.7,187.6 μg/L respectively, with each being 287.4,245.0,205.5μg/L in urban area and 278.9,228.5,176.4 μg/L in rural area. Women of childbearing age had a higher percentage of urinary iodine 〈 50.0 μg/L than students, students had a higher percentage than infants, each being 7.5% （15/200）, 4.5% （9/200）, 4.0% （4/100）. The ration of urinary iodine 〉 300.0 μg/L was more in infants than in students, that in students was more than that in women of childbearing age, each being 33.0%（33/100）,30.0%（60/200）,22.5%（45/200）. The median of salt iodine was 27.2 mg/kg. The coverage of iodized salt was 100.0% （400/400）. Ninty-seven percent （194/200） and 96.0% （192/200） of qualified iodized salt were consumed in urban area and in rural area. Conclusions The amount of iodine added to salt meets the requirement in the 3 kinds population risk of iodine deficiency disorder.But a higher iodine status has been found out in students and infants. It is reasonable to decrease the present salt iodine content.