水分管理方式对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Water Management Methods on Grain Yield and Fertilizer-Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice

以杂交籼稻汕优63和丰优香占及粳稻武育粳3号和9516为材料,研究了中期搁田、结实期干湿交替灌溉以及旱作对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与水层灌溉相比,搁田处理显著提高了水稻产量。结实期干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量的影响因施氮量不同而有所差异。在常规施氮量(240 kg/hm2)下,干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量无显著影响,而在高氮(300 kg/hm2)条件下,干湿交替灌溉显著提高了水稻产量。水稻旱作与常规水作产量无明显差异。除武育粳3号外,中期搁田处理显著提高了汕优63和丰优香占的氮肥利用率;结实期干湿交替灌溉提高了高施氮量处理氮肥的农学利用率和生理利用率;水稻旱作有利于提高氮肥吸收利用率。

With indica hybrids Shanyou 63 and Fengyouxiangzhan and japonica varieties Wuyujing 3 and 9516 as materials, effects of mid season drainage（MD）, alternate irrigation during grain filling（AI） and dry-cultivated method（DC） on grain yield and fertilizer-nitrogen（N） use efficiency in rice were investigated. Compared with shallow water irrigation, MD significantly increased grain yield. Effect of AI on grain yield varied with N applied rates. Under normal N applied rate （240 kg/hm2 ）, AI had no significant effect on grain yield, whereas under high N applied rate （300 kg/hm2 ）, AI significantly increased grain yield. There were no significant difference in grain yield between DC and moist-cultivation. MD significantly increased fertilizer N use efficiency except for Wuyujing 3. Under high N applied rate, AI increased agronomic and physiological efficieneies of fertilizer-nitrogen. DC was beneficial to enhance recovery efficiency of fertilizer-N in rice.