从邢昺《尔雅注疏》看古人的词义结构观念——兼论《尔雅注疏》在雅学史上的地位

The View of Semantic Structure of Words Embodied in Xingbing's Explanations of Erya:And on the Status of Xingbing's Explanations in the History of Interpretions of Erya

"数词共训"是《尔雅》前三篇一个重要的训释体例。邢昺《尔雅注疏》在疏证"数词共训"时在《尔雅》所立共义的基础上,辨析被训释词的词义特点,从而表现了他的词义结构观念。邢昺的词义结构二分方式本质上不同于西方义素二元分析法,它有一套适合于汉语汉字的操作方法。词义结构二分观念也广泛地表现在其他训诂专著中,是中国训诂学的普遍观念。邢昺以词义结构二分观念辨析《尔雅》"数词共训"中的被训释词,在《尔雅》注释史上独树一帜,同时也为今天汉语同义词理论探讨和实践研究奠定了坚实基础。

One of the important explanation styles in Erya is using one word to explain multiple words. With fully comprehention of the style, Xingbing＇s explanations of Erya reflect his view of how to analyse the semantic structure of words, which he, actually, learned from Erya and the annotations of the ancestors. In some degree, the method of semantic structure analysis of words was widely used by ancient Chinese masters who were proficient in interpretation even though they had not declared theoretically. The ancient Chinese masters view of semantic structure of words will have a great effect on the development of modern componential theory. Meanwhile, this paper discusses the status of Xingbing＇s explanations in the long history of interpretions of Erya from the aspect of lexieal theory.