殷墟甲骨刻辞义位类型初探

Research into Sememe Category of Yinxu Oracle-bone Inscriptions

殷墟甲骨刻辞义位可从不同角度划分其类型,由于甲骨语料的性质、局限性等因素,依据现有刻辞词义出现频次划分常用和非常用义位类型,对一部分义位来说,在一定程度上不能准确反映它们在当时词义系统中的地位、性质和语义关系。若从义位与词位的对应关系着眼,把义位划分为本义和引申义类型,使义位类型的划分在研究范围上能够覆盖或涉及更多的语义层面,具有更强的解释力。而且甲骨文字表词表义形式极其纷繁复杂,不仅词的本表形式数量大,无本字的借表形式也非常多,需要特别关注。所以有必要理清义位与词位的关系,从甲骨文字、词、义位对应关系入手探讨词的本义-引申义位类型系统。本文从学理上加以阐述,并对本表、借表的词本义、引申义位类型进行初步分类和统计。

Yinxu oracle-bone inscriptions, a kind of unearthing and unspecial text ,which mainly recorded divination for kings, royalty and aristocracy of Shang Dynasty, is restricted with respect to whole distribution of words＂ meanings of Shang Dynasty. If sememes were classifed into ＂common＂ and ＂uncommon＂ sememe types according to appearing frequency of words＇ meanings in oracle-bone inscriptions, as far as many sememes be concerned, they would not exactly reflect the quality, status and semantic relation of sememes of that times. This paper suggests that sememes were classifed into two types -original meanings and extended meanings from the point of relationship between sememe and lexeme. The current proposal possesses essential value not only for sememe-induetion and but also for research of the system of sememes in oracle-bone inserip-tions. This paper further describes sememe categories and statistical groupings, including every kind of original meanings and extended meanings in polysemies and monosemies.