错综关系下例外的形成——汉语离合词成因再探

On Formation of Exception under Complex Context

离合词之所以成为例外,首先归因于它是多向多源的汇聚,有由离到合/由语到词或由合到离/由词到语的历史演化关系,也有短语词的自由变换关系,其形成的原因各不相同。由合到离是离合词的主体,它是一种趋强变化,代表着语言向言语的回流,它的形成是需要、条件和策略联合作用的结果,也是动力和阻力对决的结果。离用活动发生后产生的新动力、新条件又引起了多种继发的演化活动,离用式之间随之进一步变得参差不同起来。形成的动力、实现的难度、所处发展阶段等多方面的差异,加大了离合词内部的复杂性、差异性和无规则程度。

Being exceptional, split words originate from multi-sourceful and multi-directional syntaxis, which indicates the historical evolution of the wordsfrom splitting to compounding （from chunk to words） or from compounding to splitting （from words to chunk）, as well as the relationship of free change in phrasal words. Various reasons contribute to these formations. As the majority of the split words, the compounding-to-splitting change holds greater force and represents the retreat from language to diction. Its formation finds joint efforts of necessities, conditions and strategies, and competing forces of motion and resistance. Splitting changes trigger new driving force and conditions, which results in other types of evolution. The gap between the splitting and compounding further widens. The difference in driving force of formation, degree of realization, and evolutional stage they are on jointly contribute to the high complexity, distinction, and irregularity of the split words.