两种表非预期结果义结构的比较

Comparison Between Two Constructions Referring to Unexpected Results

"V了一NP1NP2"和"V得满NP1(都)(是)NP2"都表示非预期结果义,不同的是前者叙事性强而后者描写性强,这种对立在句法和话语功能上都能找到相应表现。"满NP1"能作"是"字存在句的主语,而"一NP1"则不可以。"V了一NP1NP2"所在的小句一般不能负载祈使、感叹语气,但是能够出现在复句中的前一小句。从话语功能上看,两类格式中的NP2都可以话题化,但是在充当话题时其延续性又存在差异。"V了一NP1NP2"可以做新闻标题,主观性较弱,而"V得满NP1(都)(是)NP2"则具有较强的主观性。"V得满NP1(都)(是)NP2"的强描写性能够得到历时证据的支持。

This paper discusses ＂V le（ 了 ） yi（一） NP1 NP2＂ and ＂V de（得） man（满） NP1 （dou） （都） （shi）（是） NP2. Both of the two constructions express unexpected results. But the former lays particular stress on narration, while the latter puts particular emphasis on description. The corresponding contrast can be found in both syntactic and utterance functions. The differences between ＂man NP1＂ and ＂yi NP1 display that the former phrase can be subjects of existential sentences. The sentences with ＂V le yi NP1 NPe＂ which can＇t take imperative or plaint tones exist in the former clause of the complex sentences. From the view of discourse function,＂NP2＂ in these two kind of phrases can both be topicalized. However, they distinguish on the facet of continuity. ＂V le yi NP1 NP2＂ is less subjective than ＂V de man NP1 （dou） （shi） NP2＂, which can be proved through the diaehronic research.