赣南客家风水信仰的人类学分析

Analysis of Fengshui Cult in Gannan Hakka from Anthropoly

赣南是客家风水的发祥地,风水信仰在客家人的日常生活中占有极其重要的地位,在历史上赣南风水信仰更是盛极一时。风水研究学者大多从建筑学、地理学、生态学等角度对风水信仰进行解析,而从人类学角度对风水信仰进行解读的并不是太多。据笔者分析,赣南风水信仰在历史上盛极一时且直到今天仍在日常生活中占有极其重要的地位主要有以下几个方面的原因:生存环境的客观需要、祖宗崇拜的需要、儒家文化的影响、经济发展与资源争夺的需要、巫文化的影响等。对于风水信仰进行人类学解析可以使我们避免风水信仰到底是科学还是迷信的无谓论争,对于我们从局内人的观点、从文化相对论的角度对风水文化进行理解具有积极的意义。

Gannan is the birthplace of Hakka＇s Fengshui.In the daily lives of Hakka,fengshui has a very important position, extremely in the history. Most of fengshui researchers study it from the perspective of architecture, geography, ecology and other perspectives, but only a few of them from the perspective of anthropology . According to the author, there are some reasons can explain the popular of fengshui cult in Gannan include the objective needs of the living environment, the need of ancestors cult, the impact of Confucian culture ,the impact of economic development,the struggle for resources and the impact of witchcraft, and so on. To analysis fengshui from the perspective of anthropoly can make us to avoid the unnecessary controversy that whether fengshui is science or superstition. To study fengshui from the insider＇s perspective and the perspective of cultural relativism has a positive meaning.