基于高利贷和鸦片关系视角的民国时期甘宁青农村社会问题分析

Analysis about the Social Problems in the Rural Areas of Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai during the Period of the Republic of China Based on the Relations between Usury and Opium

高利贷猖獗和鸦片泛滥构成旧中国病态社会的两大重要问题,这在民国时期的甘宁青农村表现尤为显著。研究表明,高利贷贯穿鸦片种植、征收、交换和吸食等全过程,双方存在着密切的历史联系:鸦片生产为高利贷剥削提供了机遇,高利贷成为农民因鸦片问题而遭受重重剥削的重要环节;鸦片因高利贷的助长而更加泛滥,高利贷借助于鸦片而尤为猖獗。高利贷猖獗和鸦片泛滥互为因果,相互作用,并和一些社会现象发生了密切的互动关系,从而带来了甘宁青农村灾荒频发、军阀暴政、农村破产等一系列严重的社会问题,进而成为民国时期甘宁青社会落后的重要因素。

The rampancy of usury and inundating of opium constituded the morbid society＇s two main important problems in old China. This displayed notably in the rural areas of Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai during the period of the Republic of China. As the study showed, the usury ran through the whole process of planting,collecting,exchanging and taking in the opium,there were close historical relations between the two sides; the production of opium provided the usury exploitation opportunities,and the usury became the key link of chain for the peasants who were fleeced heavily by the opium problem; the usury led to the abuse of the opium,on the other hand,the opium made the usury more rampant. The rampancy of usury and inundating of opium were the reasons as well as result of each other, they affected each other, and had the close interactive relations with some social phenomenon, thus brought famine take place frequently, the warlord tyranny, the rural bankruptcy and a series of serious social problems, then turned to be the key element of the backward of the society of Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai during the period of the Republic of China.