源自不同寄主的灰葡萄孢生物学特性的比较研究

Comparison of the biological characteristics of Botrytis cinerea isolates from different hosts

本研究以分离自番茄、辣椒、草莓、葡萄的灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea为供试菌株,从生长温度、pH适应性、碳源、氮源营养利用等方面对不同寄主来源的灰葡萄孢菌株的生物学性状进行了比较研究。结果表明,5个不同寄主来源的灰葡萄孢菌株的菌丝生长温度范围相同,均为0-35℃;但它们的最适生长温度和分生孢子致死温度存在差异,来自和县番茄菌株HX12最适生长温度为20℃,分生孢子致死温度为47℃ 10min,其余最适生长温度均为25℃,分生孢子致死温度均为48℃ 10min;不同菌株在相同温度下的生长速率有显著差异。pH对不同寄主来源灰葡萄孢菌株菌丝生长的影响存在差异,来自长丰辣椒的菌株LJ菌丝在pH2-9的范围内均能生长,以在pH3-6.5时生长较快,pH6时最快;其余4个菌株在pH2-12的范围内均能生长,以在pH3-9时生长较快,pH6左右最快。不同碳源、氮源营养对灰葡萄孢菌株菌丝生长和分生孢子产生均有显著影响,不同寄主来源的菌株间在碳源、氮源营养利用差异均极显著。在相同碳源、氮源营养条件下,不同寄主来源的菌株的线性生长、菌丝干重和分生孢子产量均有显著差异。

The effects of different temperature, pH, nitrogen and carbon source on the mycelium growth, dry mycelium weight and conidium production ofBotrytis cinerea isolates from different hosts were compared. The tested isolates ofB. cinerea were obtained from Lycopersicon esculentum, Capsicumfrutescens, Fragaria ananassa and 18tis vinifera in Anhui, China. The results showed that the ranges of temperature for mycelium growth of the five tested isolates were the same, from 0℃ to 35℃. But the optimum temperature and the thermal death point were different. The optimum temperature and the thermal death point of the isolate HX12 from tomato in Hexian were 20℃ and 47℃ for 10min respectively, while those for the others were 25℃ and 48℃ for 10min respectively. There was significant difference among the mycelial growth rates for B. cinerea strains from different hosts at the same temperature. The effects of pH on the mycelial growth rates B, cinerea strains from different hosts were obviously different. For the mycelial growth of isolate LJ from capsicum in Changfeng, the range ofpH values was 2--9, and the favorable pH was 3--6.5 with the optimum being 6. As for the other isolates, the range ofpH values was 2-- 12, and the favorable pH was 3 --9 with the optimum being 6. The effects of carbon and nitrogen source on the mycelial growth and conidial production of B. cinerea strains were significant. The utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources among the isolates from different hosts were significantly different. On the condition of the same carbon and nitrogen source, there were significant differences in the linear mycelium growth, dry mycelium weight and conidial production among B. cinerea strains from different host plants. It was suggested that the kind of the hosts had an important effect on the biological characteristics ofB. cinerea isolates, and this was discussed in the paper.