新生儿重症监护病房医院感染调查分析

Nosocomial Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Two Years

目的调查新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医院感染的发生情况,分析感染特点及危险因素,为医院感染预防控制提供依据。方法对2006年1月-2007年12月住院的1082例新生儿医院感染情况进行统计分析。结果1082例新生儿中发生58次医院感染,发生率为5.36%;感染部位以浅表感染为主(62.07%),医院感染病死率为6.90%;医院感染组与非医院感染组相比,胎龄小、体重低,新生儿发生医院感染的独立危险因素是以机械通气为代表的侵入性操作和出生体重≤1500 g。结论胎龄小、体重低、侵入性操作等是NICU中新生儿医院感染的危险因素,通过控制抗菌药物滥用、强调洗手、加强全面消毒等措施,可降低耐药菌及医院感染发生率。

OBJECTIVE To perform a retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence of hospital infection and associated risk factors and offer strategies in our neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）. METHODS The study enrolled 1082 neonatal patients hospitalized between Jan 1, 2006 to Dec 31,2007. RESULTS There were 58 nosocomial infections （NI） in 1082 neonatal patients, and the infection rate was 5. 36%. The most common infection was superficial （62.07%）. The mortality of NI was 6.90%. The lower gestational age and birth weight, were risk factors of NI. Logistic regression analysis indicated that mechanical ventilation and birth weight ≤1500g were independent risk ractors for NI （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of NI are related to the short time of pregnancy, lower birth weight and invasive operations. Controlling the abusage of antibiotics, strengthening the handwashing, and carrying out the standard disinfection are helpful for the control of the NI.