2001-2005年医院常见细菌的分布及耐药性分析

Distribution of Bacteria and Drug Resistance in Our Hospital 2001-2005

目的了解临床常见细菌的分布及耐药性的变化,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对医院2001-2005年常见细菌耐药性变迁进行回顾性统计分析。结果985株细菌中革兰阳性球菌268株,占27.21%,革兰阴性杆菌717株,占72.79%;分离率排前6位的依次是大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌,且有逐年增加的趋势;革兰阴性杆菌对亚胺培南最敏感,革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素最敏感。结论细菌的耐药性越来越强,多药耐药菌也越来越多,应重视医院感染,加强耐药检测,合理使用抗菌药物,动态了解病原菌的分离率,熟悉抗菌药物的敏感性和耐药率,有助于临床医生合理应用抗菌药物,制定正确的抗感染方案。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of common bacteria isolated from our hospital in 2001-2005, and to guide the appropriate use of antibiotics. METHODS The resistant patterns were analyzed by retrospective analysis from 2001 to 2005. RESULTS There were 268 Gram-positive strains （27.21%） and 717 Gram-negative strains （72. 79%）. The most prevalent isolated strains were Escherichia coli, Pseudo- rnonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Stenotrophomonas rnaltophilia , Klebsiella pneurnoniae and Staphylo- coccus epiderrnidis, which were increasing year by year. Imipenem was the most sensitive for Gram-negative rods, and vancomyein was the most sensitive for Gram-positive cocci. The resistance rate of E. coli to imipenem and ceftazidime was below 30%. All S. aureus strains were susceptiple to vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS The rapid emergency of nosocomial multidrug resistant strains presents significant therapeutic challenges and therefore, the rational use of antibiotic therapy based on susceptibility tests should be emphasized. Understanding the distribution of isolates and drug susceptibility test results of different bacteria could help doctors to decide the rational antimicrobial therapy.