黑龙江省水稻硅肥效果研究

Study on the Effect of Silicon Fertilizer Application on Rice in Heilongjiang Province

盆栽试验结果表明，在高铁、高锰胁迫下硅对水稻生理特性、生长发育和产量有明显的正效应。高浓度铁、锰和低浓度硅组合，水稻根系活力和SOD酶活性最差，丙二醛（MDA）含量最高。相反，低浓度铁、锰和高浓度硅处理，水稻相应的生理指标均高。高硅低铁锰组合和高硅高铁低锰组合，较对照分别增产15.2%和3.4%；高铁、锰组合不施硅肥较对照减产72.7%；低铁、锰组合不施硅肥较对照减产20.5%；高铁、高锰胁迫下施用硅肥增产20.5%-72.7%，盆栽条件下硅肥适宜用量（SiO2）为0.3-0.6 mg·kg^-1。田间条件下水稻硅肥的适宜用量为450-900 kg·hm^-2，平均增产10.7%，平均增收659元·hm^-2。

The result of pot experiment showed that silicon had a positive effect on the physiological characteristics, growth and development and yield of rice under the condition of high iron and manganese stress. The indexes of roots activities and the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD）were low, but the content of malondialdehyde（MDA） was high in the combination of high concentration of iron and manganese. On the contrast,the indexes of above mentioned were better than that in the combination of low concentration of iron and manganese and high concentration of silicon. The yield in the two combinations of high silicon,low manganese,low iron and high silicon,high iron,low manganese application was increased by 15.2% and 3.4% over that of control. The yield in the treatment of high iron and manganese without silicon application was decreased by 72. 7% over that of control. The yield in the treatment of low manganese,low iron and high silicon,high iron,lovo manganese without silicon application was decreased by 20.5% over that of control. Under high iron and manganese stress with silicon application the yield increased by 20. 5%-72. 7%. The appropriate rate of silicon （SiO2） application was 0. 3-0. 6 mg·kg^-1 under the pot experiment condition. While,the appropriate rate of silicon （SiO2） application was 450-900 kg · hm^2 ,the yield increased by 10. 7% ,the benefits was increased by 659 yuan · hm^2 under field experiment condition.