先唐教文的分类及功能

on the Jiao Prose' s classification and function in the Pre-Tang Days

教文是我国封建社会公牍文中的一种地方性下行公文,具有很强的实用性和功利色彩。它的分类可以有多种标准,不同的标准也有不同的结果。不同的种类又有不同的功能。按教文所涉及的大领域来说,可分为文教、武教两种。按施教对象的不同,可把教文分为对民众发布的教文、对官吏发布的教文、对个人发布的教文三种。按教文的行文语气,可分为指示性教文、劝戒性教文、劝戒兼指示性教文。按内容的不同,大致可分为褒贤崇德、惩戒勉励、恤亡祭祀、招贤纳贤、武事战争以及宗教、文化、经济等等。

As a kind of official document sent to the lower level, the Jiao prose has very strong practicability and material gain color in our feudal society. The Jiao prose can be classified by many standards. Different standards result in different classification, and different kinds also have different functions. It can be divided into cultural and military ones, by broad scope. From different receivers it can be divided into issuing to the public, to the official and to the individual. According to the tone of the prose＇ s writings, it can be divided into the directive, the dissuasive, the directive as well as dissuasive. From the perspective of content, ir can be divided into praising the virtue, encouraging, sacrificing, inviting the recluses, warfare, religion, culture and economy, etc.