非自愿移民、搬迁方式与能力损失

Non-Voluntary Migrants, Resettlement Modes and the Capacity Lost

本文关注的是搬迁过程中非自愿移民可持续发展能力的损失。文章基于2007年8-9月对湖北省丹江口市、郧县和河南省淅川县24个乡镇3145户库区居民的抽样调查,实证分析发现,库区居民的可持续发展能力对于他们的经济水平和经济地位的提高有着显著的作用,这一作用对于非自愿移民群体也同样适用,不过非自愿移民群体在搬迁过程中其可持续发展能力发生了损失,能力损失的多少与移民搬迁的距离和安置的分散程度成正比。对于财富积累的影响,多次搬迁的移民能力损失最为严重;就阶层认同来说,分散外迁的移民能力损失则最多。

So far the studies of the non-voluntary migrants mostly are about the problems of the collapse in productionesystem and traditional social structure, this paper, based on a sample survey of 3145 migrants driven by reservoir construction in 58 villages in Danjiankou, Xunxian of Hubei Province and Xichuan County of Henan Province in August to Sep. 2007, focuses only on the migrants capability lost in sustainable development. The results indicate that migrant farmers sustainable development capability is very important to their economic development and status to all the people living in the reservoir area including the non-voluntary migrants. However, there is capacity lost for the nonvoluntary migrants in the process of migration. The lost is proportional directly to the distance of migration and the decentralization of their resettlements. Considering the wealth accumulation, there are more lost for the migrants who experienced multiple migration, the sense of belongings to social class and community experience greatly weakened for those who are scattered away in many different resettlements.