瑕疵担保责任在中国的立法取向和制度完善

The Problems and Suggestions in Legislation about Guarantee Liability about Blemish of Chinese Contract Law

瑕疵担保责任自罗马法建立以来已有两千多年的历史,是大陆法系债法中特有的一项制度。我国立法实践中并未规定独立的瑕疵担保制度,而是对于出卖人对标的物存在权利瑕疵和物的瑕疵的情况,均称为瑕疵履行,未区分不同的瑕疵并与不同的补救方式联系在一起,而是将这些瑕疵履行作为违约行为对待,使买受人获得各种违约救济。首先,我国法律关于瑕疵担保的规定并没有确立像德国民法那样的瑕疵担保制度,只是确定出卖人所应负的瑕疵担保义务,将瑕疵履行责任作为不适当履行责任对待的。其次,论述了我国建立单一的违约责任制度是最佳的选择。再次,提出我出合同法有关瑕疵担保义务条款在实践中存在的问题。最后,提出对我国合同法有关瑕疵担保义务条款的立法建议。

Guarantee liability about blemish has had 2000 years history since the Roman law founded. It is a special system on Civil Law Series. However, Chinese contract law has no blemish guarantee system in the business contract. The blemish of right and subject are named blemish implementation and it doesn＇t distinguish different blemishes, but applies the same liability. First, Chinese law about the stipulation of blemish guarantee is not determined the guarantee liability about blemish system like the German civil law, it only determines the blemish guarantee duty for seller and takes the blemish duty as inadequate implementation. Second, the unitary system for noncompliance liability in China is considered as the best choice. Third, it is indicated that the guarantee liabilities about blemish in contract law exist problems in practice. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for legislation of guarantee liability about blemish in China.