河北省平原区农田粮食增产与灌溉节水对地下水开采量的影响

Impact of farmland production increasing under irrigation water saving on groundwater exploitation in Hebei plain,China

河北平原是中国粮食和蔬菜的主要产区之一,也是以地下水作为主要供给水源的地区。近50年来粮食持续大幅增产,驱动区内地下水开采量不断增大。在这一过程中,农田灌溉节水有效地缓解了粮食增产对地下水开采量增加的速率,拓展了在有限的可利用地下水资源条件下粮食增产的发展空间。在1977年之前,每增产10000t小麦和玉米,多年平均地下水实际开采量增加0.14×108m3,1978年以来,每增产10000t小麦和玉米,多年平均实际开采量只增加0.04×108m3。因此,大力发展抗旱节水作物,合理调控农业种植结构,是缓解河北平原农田区地下水超采状况的重要途径。

Hebei plain is one of the main production foodstuff area in China and which main supply water is from exploiting groundwater. The foodstuff total yield increased continuance in markedness drives the exploitation of groundwater increasing continuance in Hebei plain for last 50 years. In this increase process of the foodstuff yield to drive the groundwater exploitation, the saving water in irrigation farmland relaxes the increase rate of the groundwater exploitation so that open up space of the foodstuff yield increase on the basis of exploiting groundwater. To increase each 10000t of wheat and corn has increased 0.14×10^8m3 the groundwater exploitation before 1977 and has increased 0.04×10^8m3 the groundwater exploitation since 1978. Therefore, the importance route of relaxing the status of exceed exploiting groundwater in Hebei plain will develop to fight a drought and to save water crop energetically also to regulate agriculture planting structure in reason.