四川省安县震后散居居民心理健康状况调查评估

Mental health assessment among scattered residents after Wenchuan earthquake in Anxian,Sichuan province

目的了解汶川地震后安县散居居民的心理健康状况，为下一步心理教育和干预提供科学依据。方法设计调查问卷，包括身体及情绪反应、缓解和调节方法、希望得到的社会支持3个部分，采用二阶段按容量比例概率抽样法从安县散居居民总人口（约44万名）中抽出2184名，对其进行入户调查，在统计描述的基础上比较不同特征人群的心理健康状况。结果震后散居居民2184名的情绪及身体反应中，创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatie stress disorders，PTSD）3个主要症状平均得分（11．23±3．44）分，高于2003年湖南某市103名火灾灾民的（10．06±3．26）分；症状自评量表（SCL-90）三因子平均得分（5．76±1．74）分，高于1998年修正常模（23891名）的（4．72±1．44）分；以上差异均有统计学意义（t=10．77，P〈0．05；t=706．04，P〈0．05）。不同特征人群的心理健康状况比较，不同年龄、性别和文化程度的差异部分有统计学意义。结论本次地震引起的情绪及身体反应较普遍，老年人、女性、初中及以下组是心理干预的重点人群。在针对重点人群及时实施心理咨询与救助的同时，应对居民加强心理健康教育。

Objective To explore the mental health status of residents scattered living in Anxian after Wenchuan earthquake so as to provide scientific basis for further mental health intervention. Methods A face to face interview was conducted among the scattered residents with designed questionnaire,which had three parts of the physical and emotional reaction, the relax methods and the social care and supports expected. Two-stage probability proportional to size （PPS） sample method was performed to sample 2184 from 0. 44 million scattered residents in Anxian. On the basis of statistical description, mental health of different characteristics groups was compared. Results Three main symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorders in 2184 residents （11.23 ± 3.44） were higher than the 103 fire victims in Hunan in 2003 （10.06 ±3.26）,three factor scores of SCL-90 （5. 76 ±1.74） were higher than normal in 1998 repair mode （ n = 23 891 ） （4. 72 ±1.44）, and the statistical difference was observed （ t = 10. 77, P 〈 0. 05 ; t = 706.04, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Comparing the mental health of different groups, some significant differences were found by age, gender and education background. Conclusion The earthquake disaster brought prevalent physical and emotional reaction. Elderly people, female, junior students need mental intervention immediately. Therefore,strengthen the mental education and assistance （especially in high risk groups ） would be of more significance.