中国老龄人口死亡公平性分析

Death Equity among the Elderly in China

目的:本研究旨在分析中国2000年和2005年不同社会经济状况的地区间老龄人口死亡的公平性,并对其可能的社会决定因素进行讨论。方法:应用标准化集中曲线和集中指数对中国老龄人口在地区水平的死亡不平等进行测量。资料主要来源于中国2000年人口普查数据和2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据。结果:2000年和2005年,中国老龄人口总的死亡集中指数分别为-0.028和-0.022。按性别计算的老龄人口死亡集中指数2000年为-0.032(女性)和-0.020(男性),2005年为-0.022(女性)和-0.020(男性)。结论:在中国,尽管老龄人口死亡略微向低社会经济状况的地区集中,但其集中程度并不强,提示中国老龄人口死亡在地区水平上具有较好的公平性。而且,老龄人口死亡微弱的集中有消弱的趋势,这主要归功于老龄女性死亡不平等的减少。

Objectives： This paper aims to analyze the death equity： among the elderly in different socio-economic-status （SES） regions in China in 2000 and 2005, and to discuss the possible social determinants influencing the death equity. Methods： The standardized concentration curves and concentration index （CI） were utilized to measure the death inequality at regional level among the elderly in China. Data was collected from the 2000 China Population and Housing Census and the 2005 China 1% Population Sampling dataset. Results： The overall CIs are -0.028 in 2000 and -0.022 in 2005. CIs stratified by gender of the elderly are -0.032 （female） and -0.020 （male） in 2000, and -0.022 （female） and -0.020 （male） in 2005. Conclusion： Although the death among the elderly was concentrated slightly in the low-SES regions, there was no strong socio-economic inequality in death among the elderly at the regional level in China. And the slight concentration of the death among the elderly in China tended to diminish, which mainly contribute to the diminishing of death inequality among the elderly female.