静电场处理对樱桃远缘杂交亲和性及杂种胚萌发生长的影响

Effects of electrostatic field on the cross compatibility and germination of the hybrid interspecific embryo of Prunus avium and P. pseudoerasus

以甜樱桃为母本、中国樱桃为父本进行了种间远缘杂交，研究了静电场对远缘亲和性及杂种胚萌发生长的影响，并用流式细胞仪对杂种的真实性进行了鉴定。结果表明，1）用强度为333～434kV·m^-1的静电场处理花粉对提高樱桃远缘杂交坐果率、克服杂交不亲和性具有明显作用；2）用场强为333～474kV·m^-1的静电场处理后的花粉进行樱桃远缘杂交，在胚抢救过程中，其杂种胚的萌发生长率、生长状况及多丛芽诱导与增殖能力等均明显高于对照，表明适宜场强的静电场处理确实对杂种胚萌发生长以及多丛芽的诱导与增殖具有积极作用；3）研究发现，MS＋6-BA0．6mg·L^-1有利于减少胚芽梢继代增殖过程中的玻璃化现象，是樱桃远缘杂种胚多丛芽诱导与增殖的适宜培养基；4）通过流式细胞仪进行的倍性鉴定结果表明，所测杂种1号和杂种2号均是倍性为三倍体的真杂种。研究进一步优化了樱桃远缘杂交的胚抢救体系。

Interspecific hybridization was carried out with selected sweet cherry （Prunus avium L.） used as female parentage and Chinese cherry [P. pseudocerasus （Lindl.） G. Don.] as male parentage. Effects of negative and high-voltage electrostatic field and parentage on cross compatibility and embryo of distant hybrids were studied. Embryo rescue system was optimised and identification of them was also made by flow cytometry. The results showed that： （ 1 ） 333 to 434 kV· m^-1 electrostatic field could effectively improve the cross compatibility; （2）333 to 474 kV· m^-1 electrostatic field could improve the cross compatibility and the germination and growth of distant hybrids as well as the the bud inducement and multiplication of embryo-cultured hybrid seedlings; （3）MS medium supplemented with BA 0.6 mg· L^-1 was useful to reduce the vitrification occurred in the germination and growth of distant hybrids; （4）Result of flow cytometry showed that the hybrids were triploid, the true interspecific hybrids.