灯盏花的繁育系统与访花昆虫初步研究

Preliminary Studies on Breeding System and Visiting Insects of Erigeron breviscapus

对灯盏花的花部形态特征、开花物候、繁育系统以及传粉昆虫进行观测。研究结果表明，灯盏花初花3月，盛花4—5月；花序花期为10～15d，管状花单花花期3～5d，整个花序由外向内逐渐开放。灯盏花为兼性异花授粉植物，主要传粉种类为蜜蜂类昆虫。昆虫在12：00—15：00时访花频率最高。在自然界中灯盏花结实率较低，结实率为5．0％，人工辅助授粉能较大程度提高灯盏花的结实率，本试验研究中人工辅助授粉灯盏花结实率达32．9％。环境条件对灯盏花的授粉效率有很大的影响，雌雄异熟和天气条件都是影响灯盏花结实的主要条件。

The morphologic character, flowering phenology,breeding system and visiting insects ofErigeron breviscapus was observed. The resuits showed that early flowering was in March , full blooming was from April to May, fruit maturing was in June to July, the florescence of whole inflorescence was 10 - 15 days, and the florescence of the sangle ligulate florets was 3 - 5 days. The inflorescence opened from outside to inside. Erigeron breviscapus was facultative cross-pollination, The flower visitors belonged to 5 orders, including Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, in which bees were main pollination insects. The insects visited flower always at 12 am to 3 pm, and the highest times was 25 per hours. The fruit setting rate of Erigeron breviscapus was 5 % in the nature, and artificial pollination could increase the seed setting rate （32.9%） of Erigeron breviscaps. The effective pollination was highly related to environmental factors, dichogany and pollen quantity.