北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚体内的重金属含量测定与评价

Contents and evaluation of heavy metals in Pantropical spotted dolphin from Beibu Bay in South China Sea

应用原子吸收分光光度计对北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚(Stenella attenuata)的肌肉、肝脏、胃、心脏、胆囊、胰脏、肾脏、肺脏和肠管道等器官组织样品中的镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铁(Fe)和锰(Mn)的含量进行测定,并使用标准物作了对照分析.结果显示,热带点斑原海豚体内各器官组织中的Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn的平均含量分别为0.04~67.35、2.68~24.24、32.26~118.54、1.01~4.17、0.30~1.52、ND^1.25、162.11~1 190.63和0.88~12.84μg/g(干重).热带点斑原海豚体内重金属含量高低的基本趋势是Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Cd>Cr>Ni.肝、肾脏等内脏器官中的重金属含量远高于肌肉组织中的含量;多数器官组织中没有测出Ni的存在.与北部湾海域、渤海湾海域的中华白海豚和江豚比较,北部湾海域热带点斑原海豚体内各器官组织中的重金属含量偏高,表明不同种类的海豚对重金属的富集能力存在一定的差异.

The contents of heavy metals in muscle,liver, stomach, heart, cholecyst, pancreas, kidney,lung and intestines of Pantropical spotted dolphin in the coastal Beibu Bay were investigated. The contents of cadmium（Cd） ,copper （ Cu ）, zinc （Zn）, lead （ Pb ）, chromium （Cr）, nickel （ Ni ）, iron （ Fe ） and manganese （ Mn ） in all organs and tissues were measured with a FAS. The standard reference materials ＂Standard Oyster Tissue 1566＂ were also digested and analyzed with the FAS for quality control. The results showed that the average Contents of Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr, Ni, Fe and Mn in different tissues were 0.04 - 67.35,2.68 - 24.24,32.26 - 118.54,1.01- 4.17,0.30 - 1.52, ND - 1.25,162.11 - 1190.63 and 0.88 -12.84μg/g（ wet weight）, respectively. Eight heavy metal contents in the dolphin were in order of Fe 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Mn 〉 Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Ni. The contents of most heavy metals were higher in tissues, such as liver and kidney, than those in muscle. However, no Ni was detected in most organs and tissues. The results also showed that heavy metals contents in S. attenuate from Beibu Bay were higher than those in Sousa chinensis and Neophocaena phocaenoides from Beibu Bay and Bohai Sea. It indicated that accumulations of heavy metals were various with dolphin species.