黑龙江省动植物性食品农兽药使用情况调查

Utilization of pesticide and veterinary drugs for crop and stock farming in Heilongjiang province

目的通过对黑龙江省主要动植物性食品产地的农药、兽药使用状况调查,了解当地农药、兽药的使用现况,为今后对农药、兽药的使用进行监督管理提供依据。方法发放调查问卷对种植户和养殖户进行调查。结果杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂的使用户数分别占总调查户数的94.36%,87.18%和5.13%;抗生素、激素类和抗寄生虫药的使用户数分别占总调查户数的81.82%,56.36%和43.64%;种植户和养殖户使用农药、兽药不规范,常常是肆意混用,超剂量重复使用,打农药间隔期平均为(6.31±1.42)d,农户大多不考虑或不知道安全间隔期,安全间隔期平均值为(5.67±2.85)d。结论目前黑龙江省主要动植物性食品农药和兽药使用不规范、不合理,需要制定相关政策法规,并加强监督管理。

Objective To investigate the utilization status of pesticides and veterinary drugs for crop and stock fanning in Heilongjiang province and to provide basis for governmental supervision. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among crop and stock farmers （households） sellected with stratified cluster sampling. Results The use rate of fungicide, pesticide and plant growth regulator in households investigated was 94. 36% ,87. 18% and 5.13% and the use rate of antibiotics,hormone and antiparasite drug was 81.82% ,56. 36% and 43.64%, respectively. The employment of pesticides and veterinary drugs was not normative. The optional and overdose usage were found among the farmers investigated. The average time interval between two pesticides application was 6. 31 ±1.42 days and the average security time interval was 5.67±2. 85 days. Conclusion The utilization of pesticides and veterinary drugs in Heilongjiang province was not normative and reasonable. It is necessary to make policies to strengthen the inspection and management on pesticides and veterinary utilization.