6种植物提取物对非洲菊疫病病菌的抑菌活性筛选

Screening for Antifungal Activities in Six Plant Extracts against Phytophthora cryptogea

选用田间常见的6种植物,用蒸馏水对其进行浸提,经旋转蒸发仪浓缩得到植物提取物。大多数提取物对非洲菊疫病病菌菌丝生长都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中白蒿提取物对菌丝生长抑制效果最好,抑制率达91.46%,桉树、青蒿次之,抑制率分别为70.00%、62.20%,紫茎泽兰、芹菜抑制效果较差,分别为31.77%、3.43%,而蛇床子无抑制效果。根据菌丝生长抑制试验和离体抑菌试验结果,选取抑制效果较好的3种植物提取物用于非洲菊疫病的田间防治试验,结果表明青蒿、桉树的植物提取物对非洲菊疫病的田间相对防治效果分别为86.58%、65.92%,可用于新型植物农药的开发利用。

Six plants were collected from the field, and extracted in distilled water, then concentrated by rotary evaporator. Inhibition test results showed that most of the extracts showed the inhibitory effects on mycelium growth of Phytophthora cryptogea at different level, and Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh.ex Willd. possessed the highest antifungal activity against P. cryptogea with the inhibitory effectiveness of 91.46%. The control effects of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Artemisia apiacea Hance reached 70.00 and 62.20%, and the inhibitory efficacy of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng and Apium graveolens L. reached to 31.77 and 3.43%, Fructus cnidii fruit had no distinct inhibitory effect. Three plants were chosen to test the disease control effect in the field based on their better inhibitory effects on mycelium growth and in vitro antifungal activities of P. cryptogea. Results revealed that the plant extracts of Artemisia apiacea Hance and Eucalyptus globulus Labill showed the control effect of 86.58 and 65.92% on the Gerbera jamesonii Phytophthora in the field, respectively. Artemisia apiacea Hance and Eucalyptus globulus Labill could be used to the development and application of new type of plant fungicides.