基于缩略的词汇生成模式研究

On the Generating Model of Vocabulary Based on Abbreviating

缩略语的大量产生乃至进一步词化、字化,源于语言现实编码机制的变化和表达时的经济原则,是语言自适应性的一种表现。缩略在汉语词汇生成中具有重要的桥梁和纽带作用,基于缩略的词汇生成模式是:源短语——缩略语——词化——字化——词——短语。这一生成模式的理论背景是汉语的现实编码原则,着力提出和解决的问题是缩略过程中的字化机制以及字化带来的汉字字义演变的新方式。缩略语在新词语中占有越来越大的比重,缩略、字化深刻影响了汉语的字义演变途径和词汇生成模式,给辞书编纂、信息处理中未登录词的自动识别等都提出了新的问题。

With the development of society, abbreviations are coming out in quantity, and some of them have further became words , or even characters. All these are caused by the balancing between the encoding mechanism and the conomical principle of language when language adapts itself to the changing society. Abbreviating plays a important role of bridge in the generating model of Chinese vocabu- lary, basing on which the generating model is concluded as follows, the sourse phrase - abbreviation - word - character - word - phrase. The question this generating model tries to propse and solve is about the mechanism of a meanless Chinese character and how to become a meanfull character（this is called characterizing）, as well as the process of a word and how to change its mean against the background of the encoding mechanism of language. Abbreviating and characterizing are profoundly affecting the changing way of the meaning of a Chinese character and the generating model of Chinese vocabulary, and putting some new problems for the compiling of dictionary, the automatic identification of unknown words in Chinese Information Processing, when abbreviation are holding more and more great propor- tion in new words and expressions.