反义类聚与同义手段

Antonymic Collection and Synonymy Mean

反义类聚(包括语素、词,短语、句子和语篇)的双方是在意义上具有矛盾或对立关系的聚合体,如果从更高层次看,它们是以"同"为前提或基础的。譬如严格意义上的反义词在音节数量、色彩意义、语法类别、语法功能、语法结构、语法单位层级、对举使用时的语境、词汇系统等方面都有"同"的因素。更何况,从语源上考察,有些反义词是同源词;从词汇系统中考察,有"正反同词"现象;从语用上考察,有语言义相反、语用义相同的言语现象。因此,反义类聚也就成了同义集合。由此还可推演出这样一个论断:凡是同类的对象在某方面都具有共同的"意义",就此而言,语言中的任何一种类聚都可看作同义手段的集合体。

The two parts of antonymic collection including semantemy, word, phrase, sentence and text form a combination in contradictory or opposite relationship of meaning, if at a higher level, they are basing on the same premise or basis. From the strict meaning, opposite words, for example, have the same factors in number of syllable, meaning of color, ~ammatical type, grammatical function, grammatical structure, grammatical unit degree, comparative situation, vocabulary system and so on. Even more, investigating from language source, some opposite words share the same language source. Investigating in vocabulary system, there is the phenomenon of a word has two opposite meanings. Investigating in pragrnatics, there is the phenomenon of opposite meanings sharing the same pragrnatics meaning. So, antonymic collection becomes a set of the same meaning. From this point, we may deduce such an inference that kind have the same meaning in some aspects, and any kind of language collection all the objects of the similar can be regarded as a set of the synonymy mean.